PMR — pp. 1-29 2026-07-13 Original A social enterprise management framework for creating hybrid value within public service ecosystems
Madeline Powell, Alex G. Gillett, Bob Doherty
PMR — pp. 1-34 2026-06-14 Original Anchoring during a storm: unveiling the role of Anchor institutions in place-based public service ecosystems during disruption
Gabriella Pica, Sarah Russo, Daniela Sorrentino
PMR — pp. 1-31 2026-04-13 Original How NGOs facilitate value co-creation through multilevel and processual mechanisms: evidence from China
Shuang Tan, Yu Du, Xiaonan Wang
Abstract
This study traces the evolution of nongovernmental organization (NGO) actions in China’s waste incineration risk governance through a longitudinal analysis of the Incineration Issue Strategic Group. Findings show that NGOs facilitate value co-creation (VCC) through continuous value awakening, co-design, co-production, co-experience, and co-construction. We propose multilevel and processual mechanisms: spatially, NGOs optimize actor networks and resource integration within public service ecosystems; temporally, they enable sustained co-creation through dynamic iterations. This study expands VCC phase models, clarifying the unique role of NGOs in facilitating VCC within public service ecosystems. It also provides a replicable model for NGO engagement under state-dominated regimes.