PMR — pp. 1-32 2026-09-15 Original Brake or bridge? The dual impact of clientelism on hospital corporatization in Iran
Maryam Zahmatkesh, Ian Kirkpatrick
Abstract
（原文未提供摘要）
中文 刹车还是桥梁？庇护主义对伊朗医院公司化的双重影响
Maryam Zahmatkesh, Ian Kirkpatrick
JCC — pp. 1-15 2026-08-26 Original The Virtue of Bias? China’s Stakeholder Mediation in the Iran and North Korea Nuclear Crises
GOV 39/3 2026-04-16
Original The Paradox in Citizen's Views Toward Bureaucracy: Exploring Bureauphobia in More Depth
Zeinab Molavi, Hassan Danaeefard, Ali Hamidizadeh
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigates how Iranian citizens develop bureauphobia. The process was examined from the perspectives of 59 citizens using the grounded theory method. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews, and Corbin and Strauss's constant comparison method was employed for data analysis. In the grounded process model, the core category was the cognitive dissonance, and other categories were: causal conditions—observational learning, media exaggeration, citizens' overgeneralization bias, and citizens' preexisting mental schema; intervening factors—economic conditions and the overall community atmosphere; contextual factors—the self‐defensive role of negative attitude, the value‐laden negative attitude, and adherence to negative attitude; strategies—self‐persuasion and selective avoidance; and consequences —cognitive and behavioral effects. The findings indicate that the negative image of the government is more psychological and less a result of citizens' evaluation of the actual performance of public bureaucracy. This study has theoretical and practical implications for bureaucracy theorists, policymakers, and government managers.