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政治经济学

State Reach and Gender Norms: Examining the Uptake of Equitable Land Rights

·577 字·2 分钟
Polihot 比较政治 政治经济学 State Reach Gender Norms Land Rights Malawi Social Institutions
WP 78/2 pp. 333-376 2026-04-01 Original State Reach and Gender Norms: Examining the Uptake of Equitable Land Rights Lauren Honig, Adam S. Harris, Ellen Lust Abstract abstract: State reach has been linked to civil conflict, democracy, and the power of local authorities. The authors find evidence that state reach may also influence social institutions governing gender and property rights. Many governments implement laws that promise equal land rights to both men and women, thus attempting to change the social institutions governing land management. However, success varies. This article draws on original survey evidence from Malawi to show that state reach is positively associated with the practice of gender-equitable property rights at the community level and household level, even when considering community differences in such factors as land values, proximity to urban areas, migration, market access, ethnic heterogeneity, education, wealth, the nature of customary authorities, and lineage systems. Evidence from thirty-two focus groups reveals the importance of two key state reach mechanisms: state information dissemination and access to state forums. This research has implications for the study of the state, modernization, and social institutions, as well as for property rights and gender equality in Africa.

Does Youth Representation Matter for Social Spending?

·93 字·1 分钟
Polihot 比较政治 政治经济学 Youth Representation Social Spending Descriptive Representation Welfare State Political Economy
JOP — 2026-04-01 Original Does Youth Representation Matter for Social Spending? Charles T. McClean Abstract （原文未提供摘要） 中文 青年代表性对社会支出重要吗？ Charles T. McClean 摘要 原文未提供摘要 关键词 青年代表性、社会支出、描述性代表、福利国家、代际政治、公共政策 DOI: 10.1086/741605 查看原文 →

What exploitation is

·490 字·1 分钟
Polihot 政治理论 政治经济学 Exploitation Experimental Political Theory Power Asymmetry Inequality Sweatshop Labor
AJPS — 2026-03-31 Original What exploitation is Benjamin Ferguson, Peter Hans Matthews, David Ronayne, Roberto Veneziani Abstract Abstract We experimentally elicit views of what exploitation is from over 2,000 subjects. Our experimental design does not test existing theories of exploitation. Rather, it focuses on more fundamental properties that are the building blocks for these theories. We find, first, that exploitation is not a vacuous concept: Not all economic interactions are deemed exploitative. Second, contrary to several of the major approaches in the literature, both inequalities in the distribution of economic gains and asymmetric power relations contribute to exploitative relations. What matters most is the interaction of power and inequality: The effect of both elements together is significantly greater than the sum of each on their own. Finally, and perhaps remarkably, we found no major differences in exploitation ascriptions between experts and lay subjects. These findings have implications for the ethics of employment contracts, particularly in the context of sweatshop labor.

Feeding the Coalition: How Presidents Use State Banks to Buy Legislative Support for Governability

·644 字·2 分钟
Polihot 比较政治 政治经济学 Coalition Management State-Owned Banks Distributive Politics Brazil Regression Discontinuity
GOV 39/2 2026-03-11 Original Feeding the Coalition: How Presidents Use State Banks to Buy Legislative Support for Governability Rodrigo B. DeMello, Carlos Pereira Abstract ABSTRACT This paper develops and tests a theory of how presidents use government agencies to manage legislative coalitions in multiparty presidential systems. We argue that agency decisions—particularly subsidized credit from state‐owned development banks—function as retail coalition goods that sustain legislative support. Legislators are more likely to back the president when agency resources benefit subnational politicians who are both partisan allies and vital to their reelection networks. Using a regression discontinuity design based on close mayoral elections in Brazil and loan‐level data from the National Development Bank (BNDES), we find that municipalities governed by coalition‐aligned mayors receive significantly more favorable loan terms. Linking these data to roll‐call votes, we show that legislators become more supportive of the president after loans are granted in their electoral strongholds managed by co‐partisan mayors. These findings reveal how distributive agency decisions translate into legislative support, integrating bureaucratic discretion into theories of coalition management.

Exiting Russia

·550 字·2 分钟
Polihot 政治经济学 国际关系 Foreign Divestment Russia Economic Statecraft Sanctions Multinational Corporations
APSR — pp. 1-18 2026-03-11 Original Exiting Russia RACHEL L. WELLHAUSEN, BOLIANG ZHU Abstract As of February 24, 2022, over forty thousand foreign-invested firms operated in Russia, a host state that initiated an interstate war—an exceptional shock in the modern era of economic globalization. Using company registration data, we document that after 18 months of war, 33.3% of foreign-invested firms had changed ownership or become inactive. We conceptualize exit as a politicized transaction in which sellers and buyers face external pressures and bargain over terms. Concerning pressures to sell, those in consumer-oriented industries were more likely to exit. On bargaining, we find Russian state interests consequential: foreign-invested firms already under Russian managerial control were more likely to exit, whereas those in Russian strategic industries were not. Despite extraordinary economic sanctions to isolate Russia, and surging social backlash against doing business in Russia, results imply that multinationals are at best unstable tools of economic statecraft, even in the midst of war.