Original
US schools’ proximity to environmental hazard sites: A national analysis
Abstract
We conduct a nationwide assessment of U.S. PreK-12 public and private schools' proximity to known environmental hazard sites tracked by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Superfund sites, brownfields, and Toxics Release Inventory facilities. Prior research documents a range of negative health and academic consequences for youth exposed to legacy contaminants and pollution released by these sites. Nearly 10,000 schools (8%), enrolling 3.36 million students and employing 480,000 teachers and staff, are located within a quarter mile (~400 m) of a hazardous site where exposure risk is most acute. Approximately 44% of schools are located within one mile-a distance where negative exposure effects are well documented. Risks are borne disproportionately by Native, Black, Hispanic, and low-income students who are 124%, 86%, 43%, and 40% more likely to attend schools within a quarter mile of a hazardous site. Proximity to multiple hazards and higher-risk sites is also highly inequitable.
中文
美国学校与环境危害场址的邻近性：一项全国性分析
摘要
我们对美国学前班至12年级（PreK-12）公立和私立学校与由美国环境保护署追踪的已知环境危害场址（超级基金场址、棕地和有毒物质排放清单设施）的邻近性进行了全国性评估。既有研究记录了青少年因暴露于这些场址遗留污染物及排放污染而面临的一系列负面健康与学业后果。近10,000所学校（8%）位于距危险场址四分之一英里（约400米）范围内，即暴露风险最为急迫之处；这些学校共招收336万名学生，并雇用48万名教师和工作人员。约44%的学校位于一英里范围内——这一距离上的负面暴露效应已得到充分记录。风险由原住民、黑人、西班牙裔和低收入学生不成比例地承担；他们就读于距危险场址四分之一英里范围内学校的可能性分别高出124%、86%、43%和40%。与多个危害场址及更高风险场址的邻近性也呈现出高度不平等。
关键词
环境正义、学校邻近性、危险废物场址、污染暴露、教育不平等、美国、超级基金、棕地