Original
How NGOs facilitate value co-creation through multilevel and processual mechanisms: evidence from China
Abstract
This study traces the evolution of nongovernmental organization (NGO) actions in China’s waste incineration risk governance through a longitudinal analysis of the Incineration Issue Strategic Group. Findings show that NGOs facilitate value co-creation (VCC) through continuous value awakening, co-design, co-production, co-experience, and co-construction. We propose multilevel and processual mechanisms: spatially, NGOs optimize actor networks and resource integration within public service ecosystems; temporally, they enable sustained co-creation through dynamic iterations. This study expands VCC phase models, clarifying the unique role of NGOs in facilitating VCC within public service ecosystems. It also provides a replicable model for NGO engagement under state-dominated regimes.
中文
非政府组织如何通过多层次和过程性机制促进价值共创：来自中国的证据
摘要
本研究通过对垃圾焚烧议题战略组的纵向分析，追踪了中国垃圾焚烧风险治理中非政府组织（NGO）行动的演变。研究发现，NGO通过持续的价值唤醒、共同设计、共同生产、共同体验和共同建构来促进价值共创（VCC）。我们提出多层次和过程性机制：在空间维度上，NGO优化公共服务生态系统内的行动者网络与资源整合；在时间维度上，它们通过动态迭代实现持续的共同创造。本研究拓展了VCC阶段模型，阐明了NGO在公共服务生态系统中促进VCC的独特作用。它还为政府主导体制下的NGO参与提供了一个可复制的模式。
关键词
非政府组织、价值共创、公共服务生态系统、风险治理、垃圾焚烧、多层次机制、过程性机制、中国