Original
The Matthew Effect in American Generosity? Philanthropic Disparities and the Role of Government Support
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study examines how economic, racial, and ecological dimensions of community disadvantage shape philanthropic donations to local human services nonprofit sectors, and whether government support mitigates these place‐based disparities. Using a novel county‐level panel dataset spanning 2000–2019, we combine descriptive analyses with mixed‐effects regression models to estimate both direct and moderating relationships. We find that per capita private donations are significantly lower in economically deprived communities and significantly higher in rural communities, while minority prominence shows no statistically significant association with private giving. While government funding crowds in private donations overall, its moderating role is context specific. Government support does not attenuate philanthropic disparities linked to economic deprivation or minority prominence, but it crowds in private donations more strongly in rural counties than in urban counties. These findings highlight the contingent role of government support and underscore the need for targeted policy strategies to address philanthropic disparities across communities.
中文
美国慷慨中的马太效应？慈善捐赠差异与政府支持的作用
摘要
摘要 本研究考察社区劣势的经济、种族与生态维度如何形塑对地方人类服务非营利部门的慈善捐赠，以及政府支持是否缓解这些基于地方的差异。使用覆盖2000—2019年的新颖县级面板数据集，我们结合描述性分析与混合效应回归模型，估计直接关系与调节关系。我们发现，在经济贫困社区，人均私人捐赠显著更低；在农村社区则显著更高；而少数族裔显著度与私人捐赠之间不存在统计显著关联。尽管政府资助总体上挤入私人捐赠，其调节作用因情境而异。政府支持并未削弱与经济损失或少数族裔显著度相关的慈善差异，但在农村县，政府支持对私人捐赠的挤入效应强于城市县。这些发现凸显了政府支持的权变性，并强调需要有针对性的政策策略来应对不同社区间的慈善差异。
关键词
慈善捐赠、政府支持、马太效应、非营利组织、人类服务、县级面板数据、混合效应模型、地区差异