Original
Contracting Services for Response to Extreme Weather Events in Public Organizations
Abstract
ABSTRACT Public organizations facing emergencies often coordinate with other local public and non‐profit organizations for assistance. Yet we know little about the contractual relationships public organizations build with external organizations for emergency responses. Drawing from organizational theories, we explore organizational factors behind public organization decisions to contract for responses to extreme weather events. Using agency‐level data merged from three national sources, we find an inverted U‐shaped relationship between organizational uncertainty about extreme weather events and contracting for immediate emergency responses: contracting is most likely at a moderate level of uncertainty and least likely at a very high level. Greater reliance on contracting for daily services is associated with increased contracting for long‐term emergency planning, while receipt of dedicated financial resources is associated with increased contracting for both immediate emergency responses and long‐term emergency planning. We connect findings with the contracting and emergency management literatures and discuss implications for practice.
中文
公共组织应对极端天气事件的服务合同外包
摘要
公共组织在面临紧急情况时,常与其他地方公共组织和非营利组织协调以获得援助。然而,对于公共组织为应急响应而与外部组织建立的合同关系,我们知之甚少。借鉴组织理论,我们探讨公共组织决定为应对极端天气事件进行合同外包背后的组织因素。使用合并自三个全国性来源的机构层面数据,我们发现,组织对极端天气事件的不确定性与为即时应急响应进行合同外包之间存在倒U形关系:合同外包在中等不确定性水平下最可能发生,在非常高的不确定性水平下最不可能发生。对日常服务外包的更大依赖与长期应急规划外包的增加相关,而获得专项财政资源则与即时应急响应和长期应急规划两者的外包增加相关。我们将研究发现与合同外包和应急管理文献相联系,并讨论对实践的启示。
关键词
合同外包、应急管理、极端天气事件、公共组织、组织不确定性、应急响应、长期应急规划、财政资源