Original
Interpersonal Connections and Career Mobility in Bureaucratic Labor Markets: Evidence From Brazil
Abstract
ABSTRACT Interpersonal networks are pervasive in state bureaucracies around the world. To what extent do they explain bureaucratic career trajectories? And are they driven more by political patronage and connections to influential bosses, or by information‐sharing and trust‐building among peers? We address these questions by constructing measures of the stock of interpersonal connections for the universe of over 440,000 Brazilian federal civil servants for the period 2000–2018. Individuals' networks strongly predict their future career mobility. Connections to higher‐ranking officers or to members of the same political party have a strong effect, but the overall influence of individuals' networks on their career trajectories is dominated by non‐political connections to their peers, not connections to bosses or party colleagues. We show that these patterns are similar for politically appointed and career positions, and explore heterogeneity across various demographic groups. We discuss implications for theory and policy, as well as potential wider methodological applications.
中文
官僚劳动力市场中的人际联系与职业流动：来自巴西的证据
摘要
摘要 人际关系网络在世界各国的国家官僚机构中普遍存在。它们在多大程度上解释了官僚的职业轨迹？而且，它们更多是由政治庇护以及与有影响力上级的联系所驱动，还是由同僚之间的信息共享和信任建立所驱动？我们通过为2000—2018年间超过44万名巴西联邦公务员总体构建人际联系的存量测量来回答这些问题。个人的网络强烈预测其未来的职业流动。与更高级别官员或同一政党成员的联系具有很强影响，但个人网络对其职业轨迹的总体影响主要由与同僚的非政治联系主导，而非与上级或政党同僚的联系。我们表明，这些模式对于政治任命职位和职业职位相似，并探讨了不同人口群体之间的异质性。我们讨论了其对理论和政策的启示，以及更广泛的方法论应用潜力。
关键词
人际关系网络、职业流动、官僚劳动力市场、巴西联邦公务员、政治庇护、同僚网络、非正式网络、公共行政