Original
Does Gender Budgeting Improve Women's Well‐Being, Equality, and Empowerment?
Abstract
ABSTRACT The United Nations' fifth Sustainable Development Goal calls for gender equality and empowerment. Gender budgeting (GB) has been proposed as a potential mechanism to reduce gender disparities. This is a novel approach to budgeting that considers the impact of public spending on women and other underrepresented groups. Despite its growing popularity, spreading to over 80 countries since its launch in the 1980s, the effectiveness of GB remains less understood. This study tests whether GB has led to tangible improvements in women's well‐being, equality, and empowerment. We use an event study research design with staggered adoption to analyze data across 47 countries from 2000 to 2023. Our analyses of average and heterogeneous treatment effects reveal short‐ and long‐term impacts; notably, we find significant reductions in maternal mortality ratios and adolescent birth rates, as well as improvements in women's political empowerment.
中文
性别预算能改善女性福祉、平等与赋权吗？
摘要
摘要 联合国第五项可持续发展目标呼吁实现性别平等与赋权。性别预算（GB）已被提出作为减少性别差距的一种潜在机制。这是一种考虑公共支出对女性及其他代表性不足群体影响的新型预算方法。尽管其日益流行，自20世纪80年代推出以来已扩散至80多个国家，但性别预算的有效性仍未被充分理解。本研究检验性别预算是否带来了女性福祉、平等与赋权方面的切实改善。我们采用交错采纳的事件研究设计，分析2000至2023年间47个国家的数据。我们对平均处理效应和异质性处理效应的分析揭示了短期和长期影响；值得注意的是，我们发现孕产妇死亡率比和青少年生育率显著下降，女性政治赋权也有所改善。
关键词
性别预算、女性福祉、性别平等、女性赋权、公共支出、可持续发展目标、事件研究、跨国比较