Original
How Group Appeals Shape Group–Party Linkages in Two Political Systems
Abstract
To attract voters, politicians can appeal to their interests and attitudes through policies. They can also appeal to their identities by supplying candidates that belong to their social group or by sending messages that directly target the group. While there is an advanced literature on the role of policy appeals, much less is known about the effects of other appeals, whether social or group-based, or how they work. We conduct a conjoint experiment in Britain and Norway where we estimate the effects of all three types of appeals, with an emphasis on appeals to social class. We find that identity appeals have strong effects, even rivalling those of our policy appeals. In both countries, the effects are driven by appeals that emphasize out-group conflict rather than in-group solidarity. Our findings thus show, in line with the literature on affective polarization, that out-group conflict plays a large role in attracting voters.
中文
群体诉求如何塑造两个政治体系中的群体—政党联系
摘要
为吸引选民，政治家可以通过政策诉诸选民的利益和态度。他们也可以通过提供属于其社会群体的候选人或发送直接针对该群体的信息来诉诸选民的身份。尽管关于政策诉求作用的文献已相当丰富，但人们对其他诉求（无论是社会诉求还是群体诉求）的效果及其运作机制仍知之甚少。我们在英国和挪威开展了一项联合实验，估计了这三种诉求类型的效果，并着重关注对社会阶级的诉求。我们发现，身份诉求具有很强效果，甚至可与政策诉求相匹敌。在两个国家中，这些效果都是由强调群体外冲突而非群体内团结的诉求所驱动。因此，我们的发现与情感极化文献一致，表明群体外冲突在吸引选民方面发挥着重要作用。
关键词
群体诉求、身份诉求、群体—政党联系、联合实验、社会阶级、情感极化、英国、挪威