Original
Competition Law and Varieties of Capitalism in the Long Run: The Evolution of Institutional Complementarity, 1890–2010
Abstract
ABSTRACT Competition law has played a central role in shaping different models of industrial capitalism. Drawing on new competition law indicators spanning 1890–2010, this article examines how competition law has evolved alongside capitalist systems and identifies enduring institutional complementarities between legal regimes and political economies. While competition law has become more stringent in most jurisdictions, the evolution of formal rules and enforcement practices varies systematically across capitalist models. Liberal market economies (LMEs) enforce cartel rules more strictly and are more tolerant of monopoly. Coordinated market economies (CMEs), by contrast, are more permissive of interfirm cooperation and impose stricter constraints on dominant firms. These differences are associated with measures of corporatism, suggesting institutional complementarity between competition regimes and producer group coordination. Overall, the findings show that competition law operates not only as a liberalizing instrument, but also as a key institutional site through which capitalist diversity is reinforced amid long‐term institutional change.
中文
长期视角下的竞争法与资本主义多样性：制度互补性的演变，1890—2010年
摘要
竞争法在塑造不同工业资本主义模式中发挥了核心作用。本文利用涵盖1890—2010年的新竞争法指标，考察竞争法如何与资本主义体系共同演变，并识别法律体制与政治经济之间持久的制度互补性。尽管大多数司法管辖区的竞争法变得更为严格，但正式规则与执行实践的演变在不同资本主义模式间存在系统性差异。自由市场经（LMEs）更严格地执行卡特尔规则，并对垄断更为宽容。协调市场经（CMEs）则相反，对企间合作更为宽容，并对主导企业施加更严格的约束。这些差异与法团主义指标相关，表明竞争体制与生产者群体协调之间存在制度互补性。总体而言，研究结果表明，竞争法不仅是一种自由化工具，也是长期制度变迁中强化资本主义多样性的关键制度场域。
关键词
竞争法、资本主义多样性、制度互补性、自由市场经、协调市场经、法团主义、反垄断、长期制度变迁