Original
The Paradox in Citizen's Views Toward Bureaucracy: Exploring Bureauphobia in More Depth
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study investigates how Iranian citizens develop bureauphobia. The process was examined from the perspectives of 59 citizens using the grounded theory method. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews, and Corbin and Strauss's constant comparison method was employed for data analysis. In the grounded process model, the core category was the cognitive dissonance, and other categories were: causal conditions—observational learning, media exaggeration, citizens' overgeneralization bias, and citizens' preexisting mental schema; intervening factors—economic conditions and the overall community atmosphere; contextual factors—the self‐defensive role of negative attitude, the value‐laden negative attitude, and adherence to negative attitude; strategies—self‐persuasion and selective avoidance; and consequences —cognitive and behavioral effects. The findings indicate that the negative image of the government is more psychological and less a result of citizens' evaluation of the actual performance of public bureaucracy. This study has theoretical and practical implications for bureaucracy theorists, policymakers, and government managers.
中文
公民对官僚制态度的悖论：深入探究官僚恐惧症
摘要
摘要：本研究探讨伊朗公民如何形成官僚恐惧症。研究采用扎根理论方法，从59名公民的视角考察了这一过程。数据通过半结构化访谈收集，并采用Corbin和Strauss的持续比较法进行数据分析。在扎根过程模型中，核心范畴是认知失调，其他范畴包括：因果条件——观察学习、媒体夸大、公民的过度概括偏差以及公民既有的心理图式；干预因素——经济条件和整体社区氛围；情境因素——消极态度的自我防御作用、承载价值的消极态度以及对消极态度的坚持；策略——自我说服和选择性回避；后果——认知和行为影响。研究结果表明，政府的负面形象更多是心理性的，而非公民对公共官僚机构实际绩效评价的结果。本研究对官僚制理论家、政策制定者和政府管理者具有理论与实践启示。
关键词
官僚恐惧症、公民态度、官僚制、认知失调、扎根理论、政府形象、伊朗、公共行政