Original
The Effects of Religious Messages and Endorsements on Political Attitudes: A Meta-Reanalysis
Abstract
The experimental study of the effects of religious messages and endorsements by religious leaders on political attitudes has a relatively short history yet has coalesced around three main claims: religious treatments are especially effective because of their religious character, effects are larger for religious affiliates than nonaffiliates, and effects are larger for high religiosity types than low religiosity types. Here, we meta-reanalyze the experimental record (58 treatment-outcome pairs drawn from 43 studies reported in 26 papers) to probe the generalizability of these claims. Our findings indicate that these three headline claims do not generalize straightforwardly across contexts: effects are large in some cases and close to zero in others, and we find no evidence in favor of the claimed heterogeneities by religious affiliation or religiosity. Based on a census of the estimands in this literature, we offer suggestions for future research that would enhance commensurability and synthesis.
中文
宗教信息与背书对政治态度的影响：一项元再分析
摘要
关于宗教信息与宗教领袖背书对政治态度影响的实验研究历史相对较短，但已围绕三项主要主张形成共识：宗教处理因其宗教属性而尤为有效；宗教归属者的效应大于无宗教归属者；高宗教虔诚度者的效应大于低宗教虔诚度者。本文对实验记录（来自26篇论文所报告的43项研究的58个处理—结果配对）进行元再分析，以检验这些主张的可推广性。我们的发现表明，这三项核心主张并不能简单地在不同情境中普遍成立：在某些情形下效应较大，在另一些情形下则接近于零；我们未发现支持宗教归属或宗教虔诚度所声称异质性的证据。基于对该文献中估计量的普查，我们为未来研究提出建议，以增强可比性与综合整合。
关键词
宗教信息、宗教背书、政治态度、元再分析、实验研究、可推广性、异质性、宗教虔诚